The Mexican War: frontier expansion and selective incursion

ABSTRACT

Mexico’s defeat in the war that (in the U.S.) takes the country’s name resulted as much from the strategic context created by unrealized nation-building that followed independence as it did from American tactical supremacy. Three centuries of Spanish empire did not translate into national military excellence due to the decades of revolutionary upheaval that followed the sudden decapitation occasioned by Napoleon’s ouster of the monarchy in Madrid. That the occupation which followed major combat provided salutary lessons learned in dealing with guerrillas rather than a Vietnam-like litany of quagmire eventuated from the conscious designs of military leadership steeped in the same Napoleonic dynamic that had produced our opponent. The United States wisely chose to leave issues of state-building and governance to the Mexicans themselves, while annexing the sparsely populated northern remnant of Spanish empire.     

PMI泡沫夹层结构雷达天线罩间接热-结构耦合分析与实验研究

机载PMI泡沫夹层结构雷达天线罩在环境温度变化时将产生表面变形现象并影响其使用性能,但对天线罩热变形结果进行实时检测分析具有一定难度。通过ANSYS间接热-结构耦合法建立了分析模型,对天线罩进行了计算分析,采用热膨胀片状模型进行了理论分析,在此基础上,设计并开展了温度冲击实验研究。结果表明, PMI夹层结构天线罩的热-结构耦合变形综合应变趋势是棱边处膨胀程度最大,由边缘至天线罩透波面中心处,膨胀程度逐渐减小；间接热-结构耦合计算应变值与实测应变值之间平均相差35.08%,间接热-结构耦合分析方法与模型具有一定的可信性。     

Capacity expansion under a service‐level constraint for uncertain demand with lead times

For a service provider facing stochastic demand growth, expansion lead times and economies of scale complicate the expansion timing and sizing decisions. We formulate a model to minimize the infinite horizon expected discounted expansion cost under a service‐level constraint. The service level is defined as the proportion of demand over an expansion cycle that is satisfied by available capacity. For demand that follows a geometric Brownian motion process, we impose a stationary policy under which expansions are triggered by a fixed ratio of demand to the capacity position, i.e., the capacity that will be available when any current expansion project is completed, and each expansion increases capacity by the same proportion. The risk of capacity shortage during a cycle is estimated analytically using the value of an up‐and‐out partial barrier call option. A cutting plane procedure identifies the optimal values of the two expansion policy parameters simultaneously. Numerical instances illustrate that if demand grows slowly with low volatility and the expansion lead times are short, then it is optimal to delay the start of expansion beyond when demand exceeds the capacity position. Delays in initiating expansions are coupled with larger expansion sizes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的机动目标航迹跟踪

针对高速飞行目标航迹跟踪问题,进行了扩展卡尔曼滤波的曲线拟和仿真试验研究.首先建立目标跟踪的数学模型,确定了系统对应的参数及状态方程,进而将线性卡尔曼滤波器进行扩展,将函数形式的滤波模型在函数自变量估计值附近进行泰勒级数展开,求导获得相应雅克比矩阵,在获得观测及系统误差的基础上,得到针对此问题的扩展卡尔曼滤波方程.仿真结果表明该方法的有效性.